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Non-Surgical Alternatives for Treating Glaucoma

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Non-Surgical Alternatives for Treating Glaucoma

Reviewed By: Dr. Peter V. Mitrev, M.D

Every January is Glaucoma Awareness Month, the best time to educate ourselves about this serious eye condition and the types of glaucoma eye surgery. Glaucoma is characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. While increased intraocular pressure (IOP) can cause axonal damage and disrupt the axonal transport of the optic nerve, disruptions in blood supply to the optic nerve, oxidative stress, inflammation, and excitotoxicity can also happen. Knowing these factors opens the door to a multifactorial approach to treatment.

Interest in and use of alternative treatments for glaucoma has increased among US adults. The American Academy of Ophthalmology reports a 2012 study showed that nearly 1 in 9 glaucoma patients have used some form of alternative treatment, the most common being herbal medications, dietary modifications, and vitamin/mineral supplements. While research on these treatments is still developing, they offer promising potential for managing glaucoma.

Looking for surgical options? Read Albemarle Eye Center’s blog on open-angle glaucoma surgery.

Non-Surgical Treatments for Glaucoma

Medications

Prescription eye drops are the most common non-surgical treatment for glaucoma. These medications work by either reducing the production of aqueous humor (the fluid in the eye) or increasing its drainage. Popular eye drop medications include prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. For patients who require additional pressure reduction, oral medications may be an option.

Laser Therapy

Laser treatment for glaucoma is minimally invasive and often categorized as non-surgical. Procedures like Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) and Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) are used to improve fluid outflow or create new drainage pathways within the eye. These laser operations for glaucoma are typically performed in-office and allow patients to resume their normal activities shortly afterward. 

Diets Rich in Nitric Oxide and Dark Leafy Greens

Consumption of dark leafy greens—rich in nitrates and vitamins—is associated with a lower risk of glaucoma. Nitrates support the nitric oxide pathway, which helps regulate IOP by improving fluid outflow. While encouraging a healthy diet with leafy greens is beneficial, their direct impact on glaucoma requires more study.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Foods

Omega-3 fatty acids may provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in glaucoma, supporting retinal health. However, evidence about their specific role in glaucoma treatment is inconclusive, and excessive intake may carry risks. A balanced intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is recommended as part of an overall healthy diet.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Lifestyle changes, such as sleeping position, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, moderate exercise, and managing stress through meditation or yoga, can offer complementary benefits in managing glaucoma. These adjustments not only support overall health but may also help limit IOP fluctuations. However, individuals with glaucoma should avoid yoga poses that place the head in a downward position, as this can temporarily elevate IOP. Glaucoma specialists can give safe, personalized lifestyle recommendations.

Read more about the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s non-surgical alternatives for glaucoma surgery.

Visit Albemarle Eye Center For Professional Eyecare Advice

Non-surgical treatments provide impactful solutions for managing glaucoma and preserving vision. If you or a loved one are at risk, schedule an eye exam with Albemarle Eye Center today. Your doctor can determine if you are a candidate for glaucoma laser surgery or alternative options.

During Glaucoma Awareness Month and the rest of 2025 and beyond, remember that knowledge and early intervention can make all the difference in the fight against this sight-stealing condition.

**While alternative treatments and lifestyle changes may assist with overall health and provide potential adjunctive benefits, evidence for their direct impact on managing glaucoma remains variable. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or supplement regimen.**

Written by useye

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